An introduction to colour principles
-Eyes contain 2 receptors: rods and cones
-Rods convey shades of grey and cones allow the brain to see a colour.
-There are three types of cones: One sensitive to orange, second to green and third to blue/violet.
-When a single cone is stimulated, our brain perceives the corresponding colour.
-Primary colours cannot be made by any other colours
-Secondary colours are the outcomes of mixing 2 primary colours
-Tertiary colours are the next stage of mixing by combining primary and secondary colours together.
-Yellow cannot be perceived on-screen in optical terms. Therefore when working digitally the primary colours are red, green and blue more commonly known as RGB.
-K (Black) in CMYK gives tonal value to the rods.
Above: The subtractive Colour System
-Subtractive colour - CMYK - used for ink or print.
-Additive colour - RGB - used for light/on-screen
The secondaries from CMYK = RGB
C+M+Y = K(black)
-Complementary colours cancel each other out because they are effectively the outcomes of mixing all three primary colours together. Complementary colours are opposite ends of the colour wheel: yellow/violet
orange/blue
red/green
Systematic Colour Part 2: Dimensions of colour
-Chromatic Value = hue, tone and saturation
-Hue is the variation of colour within a specific colour spectrum.
-Saturation is the tonal shift in colour. It corresponds with hue variations.
-Luminance can alter either through shade - darker or tint - lighter.
-Tones are a combination of shade and tint. Removing colour lowers the chromatic value.
Above: Pantone colour chart/reference system
-If you want to work with colour in Graphic Design it has to be SYSTEMATIC.
In the previous session we were each given a colour and asked to bring in 15 relevant objects. I had the colour green. As a group we were asked to create our own colourwheel. We worked with other people within our colours and agreed which order the objects should be placed to create the ideal range from blueish-green to yellowish-green. Below are a few images of the final outcomes.
Following on from this we selected specific objects depending on their qualities. With these we compared each colour to the pantone swatch references (coated and uncoated) and recorded the closest to each object:
Brightest: string - 802 coated 70%
Dullest: sponge top - 3435 uncoated 60%
Palest: tissue - 356 uncoated 30% tints
Darkest: hair bobble - 3435 uncoated 80%
Yellowist: River Island bag - 809 coated 80%
Bluest: folder - 7474 coated 80%
Greenest: card - 354 uncoated 70%
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